Communal Forms

Drawing on a wide range of social theory, as well as empirical inputs from studies of work, neighbourhoods, events, meeting places and online self-help groups, this book suggests that communal forms are constructed on the basis of communicative, material, biographic-cultural, practice-based, and situational layers. The concept of community has long provided an important point of departure for the discipline of sociology, with the conflicting conceptions of community before and into modernity embodied in Ferdinand Tönnies' Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft and in Emile Dürkheim's Mechanical and Organic Solidarity, providing the focus for debate. Other contributors have maintained an interest in communities as communions, interactional competencies, symbolic identification, tribal connection, and more recently communication. Drawing on such theoretical contributions, as well as empirical inputs, the authors develop a more nuanced concept of community, based on the notion that it is constructed from several different layers. This concept is then presented as a sociological toolbox with which to fuel approaches to examining societal challenges and change. Providing a fresh approach to a core sociological question that also has a wider societal relevance, Communal Forms will be of interest to scholars and students concerned with social issues, and for those with a more general interest in community, society and its development over time.

Aksel Tjora is Professor of Sociology at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) and founder and director of the Sociology Clinic in Trondheim. Graham Scambler is Emeritus Professor of Sociology at UCL, and a Visiting Professor of Sociology at Surrey University.

1. The Phenomenon of Community 2. Community as Solidarity 3. Community as Integration 4. Community as Interaction 5. Community as Identification 6. Community as Communication 7. Community as Work 8. Community as Proximity 9. Community as Possibility