The Sage and the People

After a century during which Confucianism was viewed by academics as a relic of the imperial past or, at best, a philosophical resource, its striking comeback in Chinese society today raises a number of questions about the role that this ancient tradition--re-appropriated, reinvented, and sometimes instrumentalized--might play in a contemporary context.
The Sage and the People, originally published in French, is the first comprehensive enquiry into the "Confucian revival" that began in China during the 2000s. It explores its various dimensions in fields as diverse as education, self-cultivation, religion, ritual, and politics. Resulting from a research project that the two authors launched together in 2004, the book is based on the extensive anthropological fieldwork they carried out in various parts of China over the next eight years. Sébastien Billioud and Joël Thoraval suspected, despite the prevailing academic consensus, that fragments of the Confucian tradition would sooner or later be re-appropriated within Chinese society and they decided to their hypothesis. The reality greatly exceeded their initial expectations, as the later years of their project saw the rapid development of what is now called the "Confucian revival" or "Confucian renaissance".
Using a cross-disciplinary approach that links the fields of sociology, anthropology, and history, this book unveils the complexity of the "Confucian Revival" and the relations between the different actors involved, in addition to shedding light on likely future developments.

Sébastien Billioud holds a Ph.D. in East Asian Studies (2004) from University Paris-Diderot and is a Professor of Chinese studies at University Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité. Based on a cross-disciplinary approach in anthropology and intellectual history, his research explores the multi-faceted development of Confucianism during contemporary periods.; Joël Thoraval is a Senior Researcher at the Research Center on Modern and Contemporary China, School for Higher Studies in Social Sciences (EHESS), Paris. Specializing in anthropology and intellectual history, he has written extensively on contemporary Chinese philosophy and has completed several anthropological research projects in Southern China and Hainan. He has spent nearly 20 years in Eastern Asia (China, Hong Kong, Japan) and is the former Head of EHESS's China Center.

- Acknowledgments
- Introduction
- Part 1 - Jiaohua: The Confucian revival in China as an educative project
- Chapter 1. Confucian education during the 20th century: A retrospective outlook
- Chapter 2. The new institutionalization of Confucian education
- Chapter 3. A modern anti-intellectualism: The body, the child, the people
- Part 2 - Anshen liming or the religious dimension of Confucianism
- Chapter 4. "The varieties of religious experience"
- Chapter 5. Questioning modern categories
- Chapter 6. The quest for the recognition of Confucian religion
- Part 3 - Between rites and politics: Lijiao
- Chapter 7. The Confucius cult: Historical retrospective
- Chapter 8. Qufu, 2007
- Chapter 9. The use and abuse of Confucius
- Chapter 10. Between religious ritual and political ceremonial: Cosmology and national state
- Conclusion
- Epilogue
- Bibliography
- Index