Jamaica and the Sugar Worker Cooperatives

Between 1974 and 1977, as part of a wider attempt by Prime Minister Michael Manley's regime to carry out a democratic reformist strategy of development, the three largest sugar estates in Jamaica were converted into worker-managed farms. Within a few years, however, the cooperative program was in disarray as the farms faced economic setbacks and as political conflicts developed among the sugar workers, local authorities, and the government. Drawing on his extensive field research in Jamaica, Dr. Feuer traces the development and decline of the cooperative system and discusses the implications for the possibility of democratic reform. In his view, the logic of the cooperativization process conflicted with the priorities of the middle class, which continued to dominate the Jamaican economy. As a result, the reforms were never firmly rooted in a political coalition with the resources to carry them out. In light of the Jamaican experience, Dr. Feuer considers such questions as: What are the obstacles a nonrevolutionary regime is likely to face in an effort to help the poor? How feasible is it to mobilize the requisite political and administrative resources and neutralize the inherent constraints to reform?

Carl Henry Feuer

UNDERDEVELOPMENT AND REFORM: THE CASE OF JAMAICA, THE SWEET AND THE SOUR: SUGAR AND JAMAICA, IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY, POLICY AND PROCRASTINATION, 1972-1973, CONFLICT AND COOPERATIVES, 1974-1975 STRUCTURE AND ORGANIZATION OF THE COOPERATIVES, COUNTER-REFORM: DEMOBILIZING THE SUGAR WORKER MOVEMENT. SOCIAL RELATIONS AT THE GRASS ROOTS AMONG WORKERS, MANAGERS AND STAFF. ECONOMIC OUTCOMES AT THE GRASS ROOTS: THE WORKERS , ECONOMIC OUTCOMES AT THE GRASS ROOTS: THE FARMS, THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF GRASS-ROOTS REFORM: SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION