Emerging Membrane Technology for Sustainable Water Treatment

Emerging Membrane Technology for Sustainable Water Treatment provides the latest information on the impending crisis posed by water stress and poor sanitation, a timely issue that is one of the greatest human challenges of the 21st century. The book also discusses the use of membrane technology, a serious contender that can be used to confront the crisis on a global scale, along with its specific uses as a solution to this escalating problem.
- Provides a unique source on membrane technology and its application for water treatment
- Focuses on technologies designed for the treatment of seawater and brackish water
- Highlights the most economically and environmentally friendly membrane technologies
- Lists various technologies and emphasizes their link to renewable energy, energy efficiency, nanotechnology, reuse, and recycle

Section 1: Membrane Processes for Global Water Solutions 1. Ethical and Sustainable Utilisation of Water: Global Scenarios and Engineering Responsibilities W. Richard Bowen 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Global Perspectives 1.3 Global Plans 1.4 Engineering Responsibilities 1.5 Membrane Engineering References 2. Introduction to Membrane Processes for Water Treatment Rajindar Singh, Nicholas P. Hankins 2.1 Membrane Materials 2.2 Membrane Separation 2.3 Membrane Processes 2.4 Hybrid Membrane Plants 2.5 Membrane Modules 2.6 Membrane Fouling and Control 2.7 Recent Developments and Future Prospects References   Section 2: Desalination and Potable Water Puri-cation 3. Forward Osmosis for Sustainable Water Treatment Li-Cheng Shen, Nicholas P. Hankins 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Draw Solutions 3.3 Membranes and Modules 3.4 Applications of FO 3.5 Conclusions Acknowledgements References 4. Desalination by Membrane Distillation Julio A. Sanmartino, Mohamed Khayet, M.C. García-Payo 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Membrane Distillation 4.3 Properties of Saline Aqueous Solutions 4.4 MD Desalination 4.5 Energy Consumption and Costs of MD Desalination 4.6 Conclusions and Future Perspectives in MD References 5. Sustainable Energy Systems for Seawater Reverse Osmosis Desalination Philip A. Davies 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Performance Limits 5.3 Performance and Losses in RO Desalination 5.4 Performance of PV Cells and Losses 5.5 RO Systems for Variable-Power Operation 5.6 Thermally Powered RO Systems 5.7 Conclusions and Outlook List of Abbreviations Glossary References 6. Desalination and On-site Energy for Groundwater Treatment in Developing Countries Using Fuel Cells Rajindar Singh 6.1 Background 6.2 India's WatereEnergy Nexus 6.3 FC Technology 6.4 FC Integrated Membrane Desalination 6.5 Zero Liquid Discharge Desalination Processes 6.6 Appropriate Desalination Technology for Remote Regions 6.7 Concluding Remarks References 7. Ion Exchange Membranes for Water Softening and High-Recovery Desalination Malynda A. Cappelle, Thomas A. Davis 7.1 Ion Exchange Materials and Water Softening 7.2 Donnan Dialysis 7.3 ED for Desalination 7.4 Conclusions List of Acronyms and Abbreviations Acknowledgements References 8. Water Treatment by Electromembrane Processes Nalan Kabay, OEUR zguEURr Arar, Samuel Bunani 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Electrodialysis (ED) 8.3 Electrodeionisation (EDI) 8.4 Capacitive Deionisation (CDI) 8.5 Conclusions and Recommendations List of Abbreviations Symbols Subscripts and Superscripts Greek Symbols Acknowledgements References Section 3: Wastewater Treatment for Reclamation and Reuse 9. Removal of Emerging Contaminants for Water Reuse by Membrane Technology Long D. Nghiem, Takahiro Fujioka 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Membrane Technology for Water Reclamation 9.3 NF/RO Separation 9.4 Other Membrane Processes 9.5 Conclusion References 10. Surfactant and Polymer-Based Technologies for Water Treatment Li-Cheng Shen, Nicholas P. Hankins, Rajindar Singh 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Surfactant-Based Technologies for Water Treatment 10.3 Polymer-Based Technologies for Water Treatment 10.4 Combined PolymereSurfactant-Based Technologies for Water Treatment 10.5 Characterisation of Micellar Size 10.6 Conclusions Acknowledgement References 11. Submerged and Attached Growth Membrane Bioreactors and Forward Osmosis Membrane Bioreactors for Wastewater Treatment Sher Jamal Khan, Nicholas P. Hankins, Li-Cheng Shen 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Biological and Membrane Filtration Processes in MBR 11.3 Membrane Fouling Classi-cation and Mitigation Approaches 11.4 Development of AMBR 11.5 The Forward Osmosis MBR References 12. Brine Treatment and High Recovery Desalination J. Gilron 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Energy and Pressure Considerations in High Recovery 12.3 Hybrid Processes to Overcome Salinity Limitations 12.4 Hybrid Processes that Overcome Scaling Problems 12.5 Conclusions Nomenclature Greek Symbols Subscripts References Section 4: New Membrane Materials and Applications 13.