Voids in Materials

All materials have voids in them, at some scale. Sometimes the voids are ignored, sometimes they are taken into account, and other times they are the focal point of the research. Voids in Materials: From Unavoidable Defects to Designed Cellular Materials takes due notice of all these occurrences, whether designed or unavoidable defects. We define, categorize, and characterize the voids (or empty spaces in materials) and we analyze the effects they have on material properties. This second edition is an updated and expanded central reference for voids in materials and covers all types of voids, intrinsic and intentional, and stochastic and nonstochastic, and the processes and conditions that are needed to create them and is a valuable resource to students in the areas of mechanical engineering, chemical engineering, materials science and engineering, physics, and chemistry, as well as scientists, researchers, and engineers in industry.

Gary Gladysz is an adjunct associate professor of materials science and engineering at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States and founder at X-Link 3D. He received his PhD from the New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, where he participated in the NATO Collaborative Program with the German Aerospace Institute (DLR). Since receiving his PhD, he has led research efforts in university, government, and industrial settings. He has extensive research experience designing and characterizing thermoset composite materials for 3D printing, fibrous composites, ceramic composites, polymers, composite foams, and thin films. As a technical staff member at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), he was technical lead for rigid composites and thermoset materials. In 2005 he was awarded the LANL Distinguished Performance Group Award for his work leading materials development on the Reliable Replacement Warhead Feasibility Project. Additionally, while the US Army, he developed composite materials and test protocols for ballistic head protection. He has served on funding review boards for LANL, National Science Foundation, ACS, and the Lindbergh Foundation. He has been guest editor on many issues of leading materials science journals, including Journal of Materials Science and Materials Science & Engineering. He has organized many international conferences/symposia on syntactic foams, composite materials, and innovative materials for additive manufacturing. He started and chairs the ECI international conference series on Syntactic and Composites Foams. He currently lives in Boston, Massachusetts, United States.

1. Introduction 2. Intrinsic voids in crystalline materials: Ideal materials and real materials 3. Intrinsic voids in polymeric networks 4. Nanometer scale porous structure 5. Hollow and porous structures utilizing the Kirkendall effect 6. Techniques for introducing intentional voids into materials 7. Techniques of introducing intentional voids into particles and fibers 8. Void characterization techniques 9. Characteristics and properties of porous materials 10. Applications