No Surrender

A modern and current examination of Reconstruction that explains how the South in the aftermath of defeat in a total war, was still able to exhaust the will of the powerful North using asymmetric warfare. The end of the Civil War may have marked the end of the official fighting, but the Congressional strategy to remake the South during Reconstruction led to a new period of warfare-asymmetric warfare in which the defeated Confederacy became the Southern resistance. Despite all the power at its disposal, the North failed to change the South after nearly 11 years of effort and instead accepted a political-social equilibrium dictated by the South. This book presents Reconstruction through an unconventional lens to explain the process of transition from war to warfare, and finally to equilibrium represented by the emergence of the New South. Author Keith D. Dickson explains how Reconstruction created a false equilibrium in the immediate aftermath of the Civil War and was reversed by Congressional action that imposed a new social and political order. By resistance of these actions through asymmetric warfare, the white South was able to establish a new equilibrium-one dictated by the South that opened the path to the New South. Providing insights from an author who is both a respected academic military historian as well as a former practitioner of unconventional warfare as a Special Forces officer, the book covers the historical period 1865-1877, casting the Reconstruction period as an example of protracted asymmetric warfare. This asymmetric warfare was conducted in phases against the Republican state governments. As both the U.S. Congress and the Grant administration abandoned the lofty goals for Reconstruction, a bitterly contested presidential election provided the opportunity to establish conditions favorable to the white South that would in turn lead to a political-social equilibrium that allowed reconciliation to begin.

Keith D. Dickson is professor of military studies at the Joint Forces Staff College, Norfolk, VA.

Acknowledgments Introduction: Reconstruction Reconsidered in a New Light Chapter 1 Asymmetry and Asymmetric Warfare Chapter 2 From False Equilibrium to Disequilibrium: The Strategies of Reconstruction (1865-1867) Chapter 3 Asymmetric Warfare Phase I: Sources and Preconditions (1866-1867) Chapter 4 Asymmetric Warfare Phase II: The Mobilization of Collective Identity (1867-1868) Chapter 5 Asymmetric Warfare Phase II: The States Under Siege (1868-1870) Chapter 6 Asymmetric Warfare Phase II: The Dominant Actor Responds (1870-1873) Chapter 7 Asymmetric Warfare Phase III: The Dominant Actor Dislocated (1873-1876) Chapter 8 Asymmetric Warfare Phases III and IV: Bulldozers, Red Shirts, and Equilibrium (1876-1877) Chapter 9 Asymmetric Warfare, Reconciliation, and the Road to the New South Conclusion Notes Bibliography Index