Transparency and Reflection

The topic of self-knowledge has been central to philosophy since antiquity--but if self-knowledge deserves to be not just a goal that each of us should privately pursue, but a topic that philosophers should investigate in general terms, on what basis does it claim our attention? Much contemporary work in philosophy and cognitive science treats human cognition and perception as processes of representation manipulation, unaffected by our capacity for self-awareness. In Transparency and Reflection Matthew Boyle challenges this paradigm by urging a reconsideration of the classical idea that the capacity for reflective self-knowledge is an essential feature of human mindedness. Boyle argues that our ability for reflective self-knowledge is a byproduct of the "first person perspective" on our own lives that all human beings possess, as rational animals, and he seeks to defend this perspective against influential forms of skepticism about its soundness. Once we appreciate the connection between having a first person perspective on our own minds and having the capacity for self-knowledge, Boyle suggests, we can see a link between debates about how we know our own minds and the dark but intriguing idea that Jean-Paul Sartre expressed in his remark that, for a human being, "to exist is always to assume its being" in a way that implies "an understanding of human reality by itself."

Matthew Boyle is Emerson and Grace Wineland Pugh Professor and Chair of the Philosophy Department of the University of Chicago. Previously, he was Professor of Philosophy at Harvard University. He has written widely on topics on the philosophy of mind and also on various figures in the history of philosophy, especially Immanuel Kant and Jean-Paul Sartre.

- Preface - Introduction - Part I: Self-Knowledge and Transparency - 1. Transparency and Other Problems - 2. Contemporary Approaches - 3. The Reflectivist Approach - Part II: Self-Consciousness and the First Person Perspective - 4. Consciousness-as-Subject - 5. Self-Consciousness - 6. Bodily Awareness - Part III: Reflection and Self-Understanding - 7. Reflection and Rationality - 8. Armchair Psychology - 9. Self-Understanding - 10. The Examined Life - Bibliography - Index