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Tacit knowledge is the form of implicit knowledge that we rely on for learning. It is invoked in a wide range of intellectual inquiries, from traditional academic subjects to more pragmatically orientated investigations into the nature and transmission of skills and expertise. Notwithstanding its apparent pervasiveness, the notion of tacit knowledge is a complex and puzzling one. What is its status as knowledge? What is its relation to explicit knowledge? What does it mean to say that knowledge is tacit? Can it be measured? Recent years have seen a growing interest from philosophers in understanding the nature of tacit knowledge. Philosophers of science have discussed its role in scientific problem-solving; philosophers of language have been concerned with the speaker's relation to grammatical theories; and phenomenologists have attempted to describe the relation of explicit theoretical knowledge to a background understanding of matters that are taken for granted. This book seeks to bring a unity to these diverse philosophical discussions by clarifying their conceptual underpinnings. In addition the book advances a specific account of tacit knowledge that elucidates the importance of the concept for understanding the character of human cognition, and demonstrates the relevance of the recommended account to those concerned with the communication of expertise. The book will be of interest to philosophers of language, epistemologists, cognitive psychologists and students of theoretical linguistics.
Neil Gascoigne is Senior Lecturer in Philosophy at Royal Holloway, University of London, UK. His books include Scepticism (2002). Tim Thornton is Professor of Philosophy and Mental Health in the School of Health, University of Central Lancashire, UK. His books include John McDowell (2004).
Introduction 1. Making it Explicit: Three Sources for Tacit Knowledge 2. Knowing How and Knowing That 3. Wittgenstein's Regress Argument and Personal Knowledge 4. Being in the Background 5. Second Natures 6. Tacit Knowledge and Language