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Featuring over 100 colour images, this book explores the photographic self-representations of the urban middle classes in Turkey in the 1920s and the 1930s. Examining the relationship between photography and gender, body, space as well as materiality and language, its six chapters explore how the production and circulation of vernacular photographs contributed to the making of the modern Turkish citizen in the formative years of the Turkish Republic, when nation-building, secularization and modernization reforms took centre stage.
Based on an extensive photographic archive, the book shows that individuals actively reproduced, circulated and negotiated the ideal citizen-image imposed by the Kemalist regime, reflecting not only state-imposed directives but also their class aspirations and other, wider social and cultural developments of the period, from Western fashion trends and movies to the increasing availability of modern consumer items. Calafato also reveals that the freedom from state control afforded by personal cameras allowed the desired image to be sometimes tweaked by incorporating elements from Ottoman and Turkic traditions, by pushing the boundaries of gender norms or by introducing playfulness. Making the Modern Turkish Citizen offers a valuable portrait of the ongoing political and social changes on the lives of the Turkish middle class, and of how they saw and wanted to present themselves, privately and publicly.
Özge Baykan Calafato is Guest Researcher at University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Since 1999, she has worked as a journalist, editor and translator for several magazines focusing on photography, literature, contemporary art, film, jazz and travel.
Introduction
Part I: Photography, Gender and Modernity
Chapter One: The Construction of the New Turkish Woman
Chapter Two: Modern Turkish Masculinities
Part II: The Making of the Modern Body
Chapter Three: Pose, Posture and Props as Worldmaking
Chapter Four: The Bodies of the Republic
Part III: Photography and Space-Making
Chapter Five: Photography's Domestication
Part IV: Photography, Materiality and Language
Chapter Six: Disseminating Citizenship
Conclusion
References