The American Press and the Cold War

During the Cold War, the United States enabled the rise of President Syngman Rhee's repressive government in South Korea, and yet neither the American occupation nor Rhee's growing authoritarianism ever became particularly controversial news stories in the United States. Could the press have done more to scrutinize American actions in Korea? Did journalists fail to act as an adequate check on American power? In the first archive-based account of how American journalism responded to one of the most significant stories in the history of American foreign relations, Oliver Elliott shows how a group of foreign correspondents, battling U.S. military authorities and pro-Rhee lobbyists, brought the issue of South Korean authoritarianism into the American political mainstream on the eve of the Korean War. However, when war came in June 1950, the press rapidly abandoned its scrutiny of South Korean democracy, marking a crucial moment of transition from the era of postwar idealism to the Cold Warnorm of American support for authoritarian allies.

Oliver Elliott has taught at the London School of Economics and Political Science, U.K., where he earned his PhD in International History.

1. Introduction.- 2. Occupation 1945-46: Hope and failure.- 3. Occupation 1947-48: Division and independence.- 4. The ROK Problem 1948-1950.- 5. War 1950-1951.- 6. The 1952 Crisis: Rhee's Takeover.- 7. The Rise of the ROKA.- 8. Legacies of War.- 9. Conclusions.