The Nile River Basin

The Nile provides freshwater not only for domestic and industrial use, but also for irrigated agriculture, hydropower dams and the vast fisheries resource of the lakes of Central Africa. The Nile River Basin covers the whole Nile Basin and is based on the results of three major research projects supported by the Challenge Program on Water and Food (CPWF). It provides unique and up-to-date insights on agriculture, water resources, governance, poverty, productivity, upstream-downstream linkages, innovations, future plans and their implications. Specifically, the book elaborates the history and the major current and future challenges and opportunities of the Nile river basin. It analyzes the basin characteristics using statistical data and modern tools such as remote sensing and geographic information systems. Population distribution, poverty and vulnerability linked to production system and water access are assessed at the international basin scale, and the hydrology of the region is also analysed. This text provides in-depth scientific model adaptation results for hydrology, sediments, benefit sharing, and payment for environmental services based on detailed scientific and experimental work of the Blue Nile Basin. Production systems as they relate to crops, livestock, fisheries and wetlands are analyzed for the whole Blue and White Nile basin including their constraints. Policy, institutional and technological interventions that increase productivity of agriculture and use of water are also assessed. Water demand modeling, scenario analysis, and tradeoffs that inform future plans and opportunities are included to provide a unique, comprehensive coverage of the subject.

Seleshi Bekele Awulachew was, at the time of writing, Acting Director in Africa for the International Water Management Institute (IWMI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. He is now Senior Water Resources and Climate Specialist at the African Climate Policy Center (ACPC), United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Vladimir Smakhtin is Theme Leader - Water Availability and Access at IWMI, Colombo, Sri Lanka. David Molden was, at the time of writing, Deputy Director General of IWMI, Colombo, Sri Lanka. He is now Director General of the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), Kathmandu, Nepal. Don Peden is a Consultant at the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

1. Introduction 2. Nile Water and Agriculture: Past, Present and Future 3. The Nile Basin, People, Poverty and Vulnerability 4. Spatial Characterisation of the Nile Basin for Improved Water Management 5. Availability of Water for Agriculture in the Nile Basin 6. Hydrological Processes in the Blue Nile 7. The Nile Basin Sediment Loss and Degradation with Emphasis on the Blue Nile 8. Nile Basin Farming Systems and Productivity 9. Livestock and Water in the Nile River Basin 10. Overview of Groundwater in the Nile River Basin 11. Wetlands of the Nile Basin: Distribution, Functions and Contribution to Livelihoods 12. Nile Water Governance 13. Institutions and Policy in the BNB: Understanding Challenges and Opportunities for Improved Land and Water Management 14. Simulating Current and Future Water Resources Development in the Blue Nile River Basin 15. Water Management Intervention Analysis in the Nile Basin